Circadian Fasting May Improve Metabolic Health & Blood Sugar Balance

When intermittent fasting gained popularity, it was easily misconstrued as a fancy reason to skip breakfast. And many people proudly chose to have their fasting window go till 1 or 2 in the afternoon and last well into the night. But following this pattern may have you missing out on the metabolic benefits of eating earlier in the day. 

Circadian fasting—or early time-restricted feeding—is a lesser-known kind of intermittent fasting that prioritizes an eating window early in the day to align with the body's natural physiological cycles. A recent 2023 scientific review published in Nutrients provided a rather promising summary of the most up-to-date studies of the matter, specifically the fast's potential to reduce the risk of Type-2 diabetes and insulin resistance1. 

The circadian clock is a 24-hour cycle—certain processes happen in order at certain times of the day. Everything can't happen all at once. For example, melatonin is released at night to make you sleepy, and cortisol (a stress hormone) is highest in the morning to help get you out of bed. Human physiology is, at its core, quite rhythmic. And that holds true for metabolic processes. But certain factors, like eating, can work for or against these natural rhythms. So a circadian fast aligns your food intake with when you are biologically primed to burn that energy and aligns your fasting window with your body's recovery processes.

Eating in alignment with your circadian rhythms means that you're taking advantage of this natural period of higher metabolic activity.

Current studies on meal timing show that early fasting in particular can help lower blood sugar (glucose) levels, manage weight, and improve body composition. Some research indicates that frontloading your calorie intake 2for the day before 3 p.m. is linked to consuming fewer calories daily and eating a higher-quality diet, whereas eating a higher percentage of your daily calories after 8 p.m. is associated with having a higher body mass index (BMI) and body fat. 

So there's pretty well-established (and growing) evidence behind eating earlier in the day. What's still emerging, though, is comparing intermittent fasting eating window times. What the data currently show is that early time-restricted feeding may reduce fasted blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity—meaning your cells are more responsive to the hormone that helps the body better utilize glucose. And late time-restricted feeding may increase blood sugar levels.