How To Actually Forgive Someone: A Guide From Mental Health Experts

It can be incredibly difficult to feel betrayed, hurt, or otherwise wronged by someone, and especially someone you love. Perhaps even harder? Forgiving them.

Forgiveness is essentially a letting go—of anger, resentment, or whatever it is you feel toward someone who you feel has wronged you. As psychologist Kristina Hallett, Ph.D., previously explained to mbg, "Merriam-Webster defines forgiveness as 'to cease to feel resentment against an offender' or 'to give up resentment of or claim to requital.' It's an internal state of being, and it's not dependent on anyone but you."

She adds that your ability to forgive someone often has little to do with that person or what they did and everything to do with whether you can make that shift in your thoughts, feelings, and actions toward the person. And just because you forgive someone doesn't mean you're condoning the behavior or even that you're going to welcome this person back into your life—it just means you've made peace with what happened.

According to licensed marriage and family therapist Rachel Zar, LMFT, CST, it's important to remember that it's only natural to be averse to forgiving: "It's a protective thing that we do, it's fight or flight, and it's human instinct to want to strike back or punish when we feel like we've been deeply wronged and hold on to that weapon we can build in future fights. But there does come a point where you can ask yourself, Is this actually serving me?"

To understand the benefits of forgiveness, you have to understand what happens when you don't forgive. As Zar explains, "Holding on to a grudge, holding resentment—it's not good for us. It causes a lot of stress and anxiety, lower mood, and of course, relationship stress."

Hallett describes not forgiving someone as a mixture of anger, depression, and blame. But most of all, she says, "the opposite of forgiveness is stagnation—it's getting mired in an emotional place regarding a particular incident, and it prohibits future growth and discovery."

Before you even begin to think about the particular situation you're facing, take a step back and reflect on your why. Why do you want to forgive, in general? As Nuñez explains, "I always ask my clients, What purpose does holding resentment or anger or sadness toward a situation serve?"

From this place of understanding, begin to think about the situation and person in question. Zar explains this is when you'll begin to start deciding whether you even can forgive them.

"Has that person done enough, or meant enough to you, that you want to see them as more than the thing they've done to you? Have they actually atoned? Apologized? Earned your trust back if that's what's needed? Have they clarified that their intention wasn't to hurt you? Do you believe them? That's really important," she tells mbg.

Nuñez says forgiveness also requires a degree of inner work, and namely, looking at how holding on to resentment is affecting you and why you're doing it. As aforementioned, it can be instinctual to not want to forgive, but are you holding on to anger out of fear? Or a grudge? And how is that energy festering in your life?

Once you've muddled through all the messy inner work and reflected on the situation, you can choose to release and forgive. And it is, ultimately, a choice. Zar and Nuñez both note that this step can involve a literal declaration of forgiveness, in which you tell the person you forgive them, but it can also be an internal process that you never actually speak about.

"You don't necessarily have to say, 'I forgive you.' You could write it on a piece of paper and let it go. That is just as important as actually telling an individual that you forgive them—it's very symbolic," Nuñez says.

Thought we were done? Not quite. Zar says to anticipate some setbacks along the path of forgiveness, explaining that it's entirely possible for the issue in question to trigger you in the future.

"Forgiveness doesn't always happen in a linear fashion, and that's important to recognize," she explains. "Sometimes we think we let something go and then something triggers it and it comes back up, and that can be a normal part of the process."

Sometimes, the hurt is too deep, and we cannot bring ourselves to forgive—or at least not yet. Regardless of what happened, in cases like this, Nuñez notes that it would be a good idea to seek the guidance of a professional to help you work through the negative emotions you're holding on to.

And even if you can't necessarily "forgive" this person (or people, or situation), it's still important to find a degree of acceptance so you're not harboring negativity unconsciously. "What takeaway did you get from this, even if you're unable to forgive somebody? How can we grow? How can we better ourselves from it?" she suggests asking yourself.

When you've reached a place of forgiveness (or even reluctant acceptance), there are still steps to be taken moving forward. And according to Zar, setting firm boundaries is the main one.

Ask yourself what boundaries you need in place and what you need to help yourself move on, she says. If a friend has betrayed your trust, for example, the boundary is that you need more transparency from them. And while you can't necessarily count on the person in question to honor your boundary, you can count on yourself to hold it.

"In the meantime," she adds, "you might need some time apart, maybe saying, 'I'm not going to be coming to social gatherings for a few weeks because I'm working through this myself,' for example. Or it could also mean fundamentally changing the nature of the relationship."

Zar tells mbg that depending on the situation, your course of action is going to look different. You may feel it's best to cut the person off entirely, see them less, or only see them in group settings. It's up to you to decide what's best for you given the situation.