5 Foods That Can Mess With Your Hormones & 5 That Can Help, According To A Functional Medicine Expert

If you are feeling a little bloated, crampy, fatigued, sweaty, or just off, chances are it has something to do with your hormones. Our hormones fluctuate and cycle constantly. And their levels can undergo dramatic changes during puberty, pregnancy, postpartum, perimenopause, and menopause. Sometimes our hormones are like a beautifully synchronized symphony, and others like a chaotic festival.

Hormones are so important that they can influence nearly every aspect of your life—from your mental clarity, your body composition, the texture, thickness and quality of your skin, and even your mood.

When you eat a lot of sugar, your pancreas releases insulin to help control your blood sugar levels. The more sugar you eat, the more insulin is released and the more your blood sugar levels can drop. This can cause fatigue and mood swings. This can even lead to insulin resistance.  

Insulin resistance1 is when our cells become less sensitive to insulin, so we have to make more of it to get the same results. This causes the body to produce more insulin, which can contribute to a number of health issues, including diabetes1.

Sugar also affects your leptin2 levels, which can cause cravings for more sweet stuff. If you have high insulin levels all the time, your body will fail to recognize when you are full and you'll eat more than you actually need. 

Sugar also increases your body's production of cortisol3, which is the stress hormone that makes us crave food when we're stressed out—among other impacts.

When you drink coffee or tea, it triggers the release of hormones like adrenaline and cortisol5. These hormones make you feel alert but they can also raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, and cause muscle tension and headaches.

It's important for your body to have low levels of cortisol when you are sleeping because it can interfere with deep sleep cycles and make it harder for you to fall asleep at night. This can lead to more daytime fatigue and more trouble staying focused during the day as well as nighttime insomnia. And when you don't get enough sleep, the levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone) rise while leptin (the satiety hormone) drops—which means you're more likely to eat more than your body needs.

Artificial sweeteners are often marketed as being a healthier alternative to sugar, but they can actually mess with your hormones.

When you ingest artificial sweeteners, they're broken down in your digestive system and then absorbed into your bloodstream. Once there, they trick the pancreas into thinking there's too much glucose in your blood—which causes it to release insulin6. But because there's no real sugar for the insulin to break down, the hormone doesn't have anything to do—and so it stays in your bloodstream for longer than normal.

Alcohol is a hormone disruptor, but some alcoholic beverages cause more harm than others. Drinking organic, properly sourced red wine in moderation could be good for your health, but cocktails every evening or multiple glasses of wine may come with hormonal consequences.

Alcohol can increase levels of estrogen8 by interfering with estrogen metabolism. This can lead to bloating, menstrual irregularity, weight gain, and water retention, especially in women.

Alcohol consumption has been linked to elevated levels of cortisol9 (the stress hormone), impacts on thyroid function10, and issues with liver11 health, which is responsible for regulating many of the hormones you need to stay healthy.

Thanks to modern farming practices, conventionally grown fruits and vegetables are often treated with pesticides13, fungicides, and herbicides to keep them from getting sick or dying—all of these interventions can negatively impact our hormones.

They are actually part of a classification of chemical known as EDCs: endocrine-disrupting compounds. This is because the chemicals can disrupt our hormones in several different ways including mimicking our hormones such as estrogen, binding to hormone receptors, impairing thyroid conversion, and reducing androgen production.

They impact our gut flora, which further influences our hormone metabolism, hormone production, and hormone conversions. These toxins also create inflammation and additional burden on our liver.   

Broccoli, broccoli sprouts, Brussels sprouts, kale, cabbage, cauliflower, and bok choy are all known as cruciferous vegetables—and they're some of the best things you can eat if you want to support healthy hormone levels.

Cruciferous vegetables are packed with Indole-3-carbinol (an indole) and sulforaphane (an isothiocyanate) that help balance out the effects of estrogen in your body and can even help alleviate symptoms of menopause such as hot flashes and night sweats. In addition, these veggies contain fiber, which helps digestion, energy levels, blood sugar control, and reduces constipation.

Avocados are a staple in many people's diets—they're full of healthy fiber and fats and are perfect in sandwiches, salads, smoothies, and more.

Avocados are specifically a great source of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat14, which may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and heart disease. This type of fat helps lower (LDL) cholesterol while raising (HDL) cholesterol levels in your body14—and that's a good thing! Avocados are one of the best sources of potassium—a mineral that helps balance out sodium levels in the body and helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels. 

Salmon and tuna are high in omega-3 fatty acids—which can help reduce cortisol levels and may even be effective in managing depression symptoms15.

The plant-derived omega-3 ALA is essential, which means the body cannot make its own, so you need to get it from food. Eating wild salmon or tuna at least twice per week can help support these healthy levels in the body.

Omega-3s are great for hormone balance because they promote healthy cell function throughout the body, but they’re especially helpful for balancing hormones because of their anti-inflammatory16 properties.

High-fiber carbohydrates are high in fiber and low in sugar—such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, lentils, and nuts. Carbs are not your enemy, and in fact, in the quest to balance your hormones, high-fiber carbs can be your best friend.

Probiotics and prebiotics are two of the best foods you can eat to help keep your hormones in check. Probiotics20, or good bacteria, live in your gut—and you can ingest them through fermented foods (such as yogurt, kimchi, kombucha) or supplements.

Prebiotics are largely non-digestible fibers that provide nourishment for beneficial bacteria. Some of the best sources of prebiotics include green bananas, raw asparagus, raw garlic, onions, and more. These fibrous foods feed the good bacteria in your gut to support a healthy balance.

Probiotics and prebiotics21 have been shown to have a positive effect on our hormones because when we have a healthy balance of good bacteria in our gut, it helps to regulate digestion and inflammation22. What's more, these good bacteria help manage cortisol23 levels.

The foods you eat can have a major impact on your hormones and quality of life—especially if you struggle with PMS, PCOS, endometriosis, perimenopause, or menopause. It may not be necessary to completely overhaul your diet to get results. Simply focusing on eating more of the hormone-helping foods, and less of the hormone-hurting foods, can make a big difference in your energy levels, hormone balance, and quality of life.